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Last edited on February 03, 2024. View history

Allspice

Also known as Jamaica pepper (en) pepper (en) myrtle pepper (en) pimenta (en) pimento (en) English pepper (en) newspice (en)

How to sow allspice: Direct seed fresh berries indoors

Allspice is the dried unripe fruit of the Pimenta dioica tree, native to southern Mexico and Central America. The tree is classified as an evergreen shrub and can be grown in containers or reach heights of 10m outdoors in the subtropics. The berries are picked when green and unripe and dried in the sun until they are brown and look like large peppercorns. The glossy, fragrant, fresh leaves of the tree can be used in cooking like bay leaves, but they lose most of their flavor when dried and stored.

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Allspice facts

Lifespan

Annual living and reproducing in a single year or less

Height

1000cm
Optimal temperature 15–32 °C
Absolute temperature 10–35 °C
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal rainfall 1500–2500 mm/year
Absolute rainfall 1000–3500 mm/year
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal soil pH 7–7.5
Absolute soil pH 6.3–8
FAO EcoCrop

Crop cycle

150–365 days
FAO EcoCrop

Max altitude

1000 m
FAO EcoCrop

Optimal light

clear skies to cloudy skies
FAO EcoCrop
What are growing degree days?

A plant grows with warmth, not with days. A growing degree day is one day's worth of useful warmth: how many degrees the day's average temperature is above the lowest temperature the crop grows at. Add them up from planting and you know how far along the crop is, whatever the calendar says.

Say that lowest temperature is 10°C. A day averaging 17°C gives 7 growing degree days. A day averaging 8°C gives none, as it is too cold for the crop to grow. That is why the same lettuce takes about 50 days in a summer and 90 in an autumn: it needs the same total warmth either way.

For allspice, the FAO EcoCrop database gives a lowest growing temperature of 10°C and a shortest growing cycle of 150 days at its best temperature, about 2025 growing degree days to a first harvest.

Where you've told us where your garden is, we use this and the weather there to predict when your allspice will be ready to harvest. We don't use it for how long a plant lives or when it finishes: we go by what members have logged for that.

Photos

Allspice crops

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Time to harvest

If sown now, expect a first harvest in about 150 to 365 days.

From the growing cycle in the FAO EcoCrop database, which is the same wherever it is grown.

Ecological requirements

Data from the FAO EcoCrop database for Pimenta dioica (L.) Merrill

Family / Taxonomy Magnoliopsida
Rosidae
Myrtales
Myrtaceae
Life form tree
Life span perennial
Habit erect
Optimal soil depth medium (50-150 cm)
Optimal soil texture heavy, medium, light
Optimal soil fertility moderate
Optimal soil drainage well (dry spells)
Optimal soil salinity low (<4 dS/m)
Photoperiod short day (<12 hours)

Learn more about allspice

Resources outside Growstuff.