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Last edited on November 01, 2026. View history

borecole kale Borecole Kale

Brassica oleracea Acephala group Brassica oleracea (acephala)

A variety of kale

How to sow borecole kale: Direct seed. If planting indoors, harden off before transplanting seedlings outside.

Sun requirement for borecole kale: Plant in Full Sun

A well-known classic kale that was common in New Zealand before the more modern American cultivars. Compact plants with dark green, healthy, open leaves and very curly edges. A strong sweet taste that is best after frost has been on the leaves, and putting it in the freezer overnight before cooking improves the flavour. Young leaves can go in mesclun salads. Sow in trays in late summer, autumn or early spring, prick out at 2.5 cm and transplant at 8 cm high at 40 cm diagonal spacing.

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Borecole kale facts

Lifespan

Annual living and reproducing in a single year or less
Optimal temperature 15–22 °C
Absolute temperature 7–30 °C
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal rainfall 450–1000 mm/year
Absolute rainfall 300–2800 mm/year
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal soil pH 5.4–6
Absolute soil pH 4.5–8.3
FAO EcoCrop

Crop cycle

60–85 days
FAO EcoCrop

Max altitude

3000 m
FAO EcoCrop

Optimal light

clear skies
FAO EcoCrop
What are growing degree days?

A plant grows with warmth, not with days. A growing degree day is one day's worth of useful warmth: how many degrees the day's average temperature is above the lowest temperature the crop grows at. Add them up from planting and you know how far along the crop is, whatever the calendar says.

Say that lowest temperature is 10°C. A day averaging 17°C gives 7 growing degree days. A day averaging 8°C gives none, as it is too cold for the crop to grow. That is why the same lettuce takes about 50 days in a summer and 90 in an autumn: it needs the same total warmth either way.

For borecole kale, the FAO EcoCrop database gives a lowest growing temperature of 7°C and a shortest growing cycle of 60 days at its best temperature, about 690 growing degree days to a first harvest.

Where you've told us where your garden is, we use this and the weather there to predict when your borecole kale will be ready to harvest. We don't use it for how long a plant lives or when it finishes: we go by what members have logged for that.

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Time to harvest

If sown now, expect a first harvest in about 60 to 85 days.

From the growing cycle in the FAO EcoCrop database, which is the same wherever it is grown.

Ecological requirements

Data from the FAO EcoCrop database for Brassica oleracea var. acephala L. [DC.]

Family / Taxonomy Magnoliopsida
Dilleniidae
Capparales
Cruciferae
Killing temperature growth: 0 °C, rest: -5 °C
Life form herb
Life span biennial, perennial
Habit erect
Optimal soil depth shallow (20-50 cm)
Optimal soil texture heavy, medium, light, organic
Optimal soil fertility high
Optimal soil drainage well (dry spells)
Optimal soil salinity low (<4 dS/m)
Photoperiod short day (<12 hours), neutral day (12-14 hours), long day (>14 hours)

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