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Last edited on November 01, 2026. View history

Scottish flatleaf pūhā Scottish Flatleaf Pūhā

Sonchus oleraceus
Also known as puha (EN)

A variety of pūhā

How to sow Scottish flatleaf pūhā: Direct seed outdoors, thin to 15cm

Sun requirement for Scottish flatleaf pūhā: Plant in Full Sun

The flat-leaved common pūhā, apparently brought in by Scottish immigrants. Young leaves and stalks taste best. Rub the leaves in cold water to release the bitterness, then cook in a boil-up or in ghee, butter or lard to get the full benefit of the vitamins and minerals. Captain Cook fermented it like sauerkraut to prevent scurvy. Cut the leaves without pulling up the roots, as it grows again and keeps cropping. Sow in autumn and early spring in trays, prick out at 2.5 cm and transplant at 3 to 5 cm high at 30 cm diagonal spacing.

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Scottish flatleaf pūhā facts

Lifespan

Annual living and reproducing in a single year or less
Optimal temperature 14–22 °C
Absolute temperature 5–26 °C
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal rainfall 500–1000 mm/year
Absolute rainfall 300–2700 mm/year
FAO EcoCrop
Optimal soil pH 5–6.5
Absolute soil pH 4.5–8.3
FAO EcoCrop

Crop cycle

90–180 days
FAO EcoCrop

Max altitude

2000 m
FAO EcoCrop

Optimal light

very bright to cloudy skies
FAO EcoCrop
What are growing degree days?

A plant grows with warmth, not with days. A growing degree day is one day's worth of useful warmth: how many degrees the day's average temperature is above the lowest temperature the crop grows at. Add them up from planting and you know how far along the crop is, whatever the calendar says.

Say that lowest temperature is 10°C. A day averaging 17°C gives 7 growing degree days. A day averaging 8°C gives none, as it is too cold for the crop to grow. That is why the same lettuce takes about 50 days in a summer and 90 in an autumn: it needs the same total warmth either way.

For Scottish flatleaf pūhā, the FAO EcoCrop database gives a lowest growing temperature of 5°C and a shortest growing cycle of 90 days at its best temperature, about 1170 growing degree days to a first harvest.

Where you've told us where your garden is, we use this and the weather there to predict when your Scottish flatleaf pūhā will be ready to harvest. We don't use it for how long a plant lives or when it finishes: we go by what members have logged for that.

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Time to harvest

If sown now, expect a first harvest in about 90 to 180 days.

From the growing cycle in the FAO EcoCrop database, which is the same wherever it is grown.

Ecological requirements

Data from the FAO EcoCrop database for Taraxacum officinale Weber; Wigg.

Family / Taxonomy Magnoliopsida
Asteridae
Asterales
Compositae
Killing temperature growth: 0 °C, rest: -5 °C
Life form herb
Life span perennial
Habit erect, acaulescent (or rosette plants)
Optimal soil depth shallow (20-50 cm)
Optimal soil texture heavy, medium, light
Optimal soil fertility moderate
Optimal soil drainage well (dry spells)
Optimal soil salinity low (<4 dS/m)
Photoperiod long day (>14 hours)

Learn more about Scottish flatleaf pūhā

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